A Sad Duty, Indeed: A Federal Captain Writes After Shiloh

    The passage of centuries cannot remove the anguish one feels when reading the words of Captain Oliver Wood of the 13th Missouri. One can sense the weight of responsibility and the loneliness of command as he wrote home to a brother of a member of his company who had been killed in battle.

Captain Oliver Wood eventually earned a brevet promotion to brigadier general for his services during the Civil War. Along the way, he served as colonel of the 22nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry and the 4th U.S. Veteran Volunteer Infantry. 


    "It is a sad duty indeed to me and I am very sorry that I cannot return home at the close of this fratricidal war with all of the brave and gallant men that volunteered to follow my fortunes through the conflict," he wrote to S.M. Jackson following the Battle of Shiloh. "You must permit me, my dear sir, to mingle my tears with yours and to sympathize with you and your relatives in this sad bereavement. Sad, indeed, to you for you have lost a noble and worthy brother. Sad to your mother for she has lost a kind and dutiful son, and sad to me for I have lost a brave and faithful soldier, a kind friend, and one I feel proud to say was a member of my company."

    Captain Wood's letter concerning the death of Corporal Isaac Jackson was published in the May 31, 1862 issue of the Portsmouth Times.


Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee

April 27, 1862

 

Mr. S.M. Jackson, dear sir,

            Your letter of inquiry relative to your brother’s death was received this p.m. and I hasten to reply. It is a sad duty indeed to me and I am very sorry that I cannot return home at the close of this fratricidal war with all of the brave and gallant men that volunteered to follow my fortunes through the conflict and you must permit me, my dear sir, to mingle my tears with yours and to sympathize with you and your relatives in this sad bereavement. Sad, indeed, to you for you have lost a noble and worthy brother. Sad to your mother for she has lost a kind and dutiful son, and sad to me for I have lost a brave and faithful soldier, a kind friend, and one I feel proud to say was a member of my company.

            You ask me to particularize his death. As we were drawn up in line of battle on Sunday morning in a very shallow ravine, and but a very short distance from the enemy’s lines, I ordered all of the men to fall flat upon their faces and remain quiet until the order was given to advance. This order was implicitly obeyed, and every man was safe until the order was given to advance. I also instructed them to lay down to load or get behind trees or logs as much as possible. We had no chance for this kind of security at first as the left of the regiment was in an open space. As soon as the order was given to fire and advance, every man sprang to his feet and discharged his piece simultaneously and were down almost as quick to reload. This was kept up for six or seven rounds and we kept advancing a little at each fire. Up to this time I had not had a man hurt.

            I had been on the left of the company and had got back to the center I saw your brother laying on his back trying to load; your brother was on the right of the second platoon. He remarked to me that he could not ram his cartridge down. I replied I will help you and turned to assist him. He raised up on his right knee with one hand on the barrel of the piece and the other on the rammer and at that instant a ball passed so near my hand as to burn the back of it and struck him in the neck just below his right ear and out under the left ear, killing him instantly. He never groaned or moved a muscle anymore than to just straighten his limbs. He never knew what hurt him. I saw that he was dead and hurried on to try and take care of the living.

            The fight was now getting hot and the next round killed another of my brave men Charles W. Wood, at the next Henry Valentine was killed. No better or braver man lived. At this time the 16th Iowa came to our assistance and the two regiments got mixed together and the Major, thinking it was getting too hot for him, left the field thus leaving me in command of the left wing of the regiment. I was then compelled to be absent more or less from my company and did not know when John Blankenship was killed. While I could be with them, I could see the movements of every man and note his actions. John Blankenship fought like a tiger and I often heard him exclaim in the heat of the battle “give it to ‘em boys, take good aim and make every shot tell!” And I saw him loading and firing as fast as it was possible for man to load and fire.

Early war 13th Missouri regimental colors


The deaths of their comrades seemed to exasperate the men and they fought more like demons than like men. We drove the enemy until our last cartridge, 40 rounds to the man, was gone when we were compelled to fall back and leave our dead upon the field. It is unnecessary for me to give you a detailed account of the fight of the afternoon for your have seen it published in the papers. The next day we fought over the same field and we found Mr. Blankenship’s body stiff and cold in death, and also the body of William H. Smith, another one of my men. Thus, died five as brave and gallant soldiers as ever shoulder a musket in their country’s defense. They died with their faces to the foe, fighting for honor of that glorious old flag so long the pride of our nation which has been trampled underfoot by those who have been reared beneath its sacred folds. On Tuesday I sent a squad of men to gather the dead together and bury them side by side. We could not get boards for coffins, so they were wrapped in their blankets and consigned to the earth. Some bits of boards were gathered up and the name of each was cut on them and stuck at the head of the grave to mark the place.

Give my regards to your mother and weeping relatives and also to Mrs. Blankenship and family. They have my heartfelt sympathy and also the sympathy of all the company. Those whom they mourn are now in the presence of the God of battles who alone can assuage the mourner’s grief and I hope and pray that He will lead you all by the gentle influences of his holy spirit to His glorious paradise above where you can meet in peace the gallant dead for whom you now mourn and dwell forever in the mansions of bliss.

To read more about the 13th Missouri at Shiloh, click here to read "Fate of Battle: Martin Beem and the Battle of Shiloh."


Corporal Isaac Jackson's gravestone at Shiloh National Cemetery


Source:

Letter from Captain Oliver Wood, Co. B, 13th Missouri Volunteer Infantry, Portsmouth Times (Ohio), May 31, 1862, pg. 2

Comments

Post a Comment

Most Popular Posts

Arming the Buckeyes: Longarms of the Ohio Infantry Regiments

Image
     A common question that comes up in conversation about Civil War Buckeye regiments is "What were they armed with?" We are fortunate in that the state of Ohio kept good records of how the regiments were armed when they went into service, this being especially true for those regiments which went into service in 1861 and 1862. The state adjutant general's reports for 1861 and 1862 have been heavily drawn upon to construct this article, as well as consultation with Phil Spaugy who has done extensive research on how Ohio's troops were armed during the war.      Buckeyes carried a fairly wide variety of weapons into the field, and the below article breaks this down into weapons of both domestic manufacture and imported arms. The early days of the war found the state of Ohio practically bereft of longarms; as an example, when the 1st and 2nd Ohio Volunteer Militia left the state in late April 1861, they left unarmed, being armed at Lancaster, Pennsylvania on their way to
Read more

Dressing the Rebels: How to Dye Butternut Jeans Cloth

Image
     In the early days of the Civil War,  the Southern states found themselves with an abundance of cotton but a shortage of cloth with which to make army uniforms. The trade in cloth prior to the war had largely been to send raw cotton or wool north to New England (or Great Britain) where it was converted into usable cloth; but now that trade was broken and the Southern states were thrown upon their own resources in their efforts to properly clothe the Confederate army.  This collection of Confederate enlisted men's frock coats and shell jackets gives some indication of the variety of shades of butternut worn during the war. All of them are shades of yellow brown, some heavier on the yellow and some heavier on the brown. The blue used around the collar or as rank insignia indicates that the soldier was in the infantry. Surviving Confederate uniforms are considered rather rare and command quite a healthy price in the collecting market. For an in-depth study of how Confederate jacke
Read more

Bullets for the Union: Manufacturing Small Arms Ammunition During the Civil War

Image
       Civil War bullets are perhaps the most common item collected from the era; the two armies expended bullets by the millions during the four years’ conflict and spent or deformed bullets of all shapes and sizes have made fascinating and affordable collectibles since the guns went silent in 1865.       I recently acquired a display piece featuring 35 different types of small arms ammunition used during the Civil War, including everything from a small .28 caliber ball up to a .69 caliber three-ring Minie and it triggered some questions: how did the Federal army obtain its small arms ammunition during the war? Where did the lead come from to make the bullets, and where and how was the ammunition manufactured? This post seeks to answer those questions. A typical .58 caliber 3-ring Minie bullet   “Whenever the blasts of war blow in the ears of men who trade in the implements of destruction, they are apt to experience more joy than the true warrior, for then comes the harvest of gain.
Read more

The Cannons are Now Silent: The Field of Death of Tupelo

Image
       The smoke of battle had drifted away from the battlefield at Tupelo, Mississippi on the hot afternoon of July 14, 1864, but the carnage of war lay spread across the open fields. “Scattered at intervals over the field of a few yards are dull gray blotches half shaded by grass,” an officer from the 7 th Minnesota Infantry recorded. “These are the Rebel dead. They have fought their last battle and lie generally in attitudes of rest; some of them look as if they had welcomed death. On the faces of two is imprinted a smile. One is a boy of 16 with delicate features, almost girlish in their beauty. His last gaze seems to have been directed toward his hand on the forefinger of which was a ring. A circle of purer white indicates its place; the ring was carried off as a trophy of the field.” The following account of the Battles of Tupelo and Old Town Creek was written by an unknown officer of the 7 th Minnesota Infantry, his account appearing in the August 5 th 1864 edition of the
Read more

The Vaunted Enfield Rifle Musket

Image
     The English-made Model 1853 .577 caliber Enfield Rifle Musket was widely regarded as the best infantry arm in the world at the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861. Favorable international press describing its efficiency in the Crimean War and in suppressing the Indian rebellion led to the widespread desire of American infantrymen (both Federal and Confederate) to be armed with these accurate and well-made arms. The lock plate of this well-worn P1853 Enfield rifle musket produced in 1862 shows the typical markings of a British-made weapon that made it through the Federal blockade.  ( Army of Tennessee Relics ) Enfield-pattern weapons were imported into the states by the tens and hundreds of thousands during the war years; one estimate stated that the Federal government purchased 500,000 while the Confederates purchased another 400,000. The Confederate government dispatched Captain Caleb Huse to Europe in April 1861 to purchase weapons and Huse focused on securing all the Enfi
Read more

Straw Already Threshed: Sherman on Shiloh

Image
  W illiam Tecumseh Sherman was enjoying retired life in New York City when just before Christmas in 1889 he was presented with an article written by John Cockerill, a former drummer boy in the 24 th Ohio who was visiting his father Colonel Joseph Cockerill of the 70 th Ohio of Sherman’s division when the Battle of Shiloh began. Cockerill’s article, originally published in the New York Journalist and later featured in the January 1893 issue of Blue & Gray Magazine, Sherman later pronounced as “the best war story ever written” and the truest account of Shiloh.           On New Year’s Day 1890, General Sherman composed the following letter to his friend Marshall P. Wilder thanking him for sending along Cockerill’s article and giving his own explanation of Shiloh. “This to me is straw already threshed for we have fought this battle on paper several times, a much more agreeable task than to fight with bullets,” he concluded. “When in England some years ago I was gratified to liste
Read more

Federal Arms in the Stones River Campaign

Image
  T he following list, constructed after many years of research, lists unit by unit which type of weapons were carried by the Army of the Cumberland during the Stones River campaign. A number of sources were consulted including state ordnance reports, Federal quarterly ordnance reports (thank you Research Arsenal ), Ken Baumann’s Arming the Suckers, regimental histories and memoirs, captured ordnance reports, and consultation with knowledgeable experts in the field of firearms. Some of this information has been shared on the blog before in “ Rosy’s Heavy Metal: Artillery of the Army of the Cumberland ” or “ Shoulder Arms: How Sheridan’s and Davis’s Divisions Were Armed at Stones River ” but this is the first time the army as a whole has been presented. The overall conclusion I drew from looking at this data is that the Army of the Cumberland in December 1862 was an organization in the midst of transformation as far as arms. Many of the regiments still retained their original issue
Read more

Escape of Captain Henry H. Alban of the 21st Ohio Infantry

Image
Captain Henry H. Alban was among the dozen officers of the 21 st Ohio Volunteer Infantry who were captured on September 20, 1863 at the Battle of Chickamauga. The regiment had held its position atop Snodgrass Hill against repeated Confederate assaults and now battered and without ammunition, with the darkness of evening enveloping the hill, the remainder of that gallant band found themselves at the mercy of the 54 th Virginia. A total of 12 officers and 121 enlisted men surrendered; the regiment’s colors were taken, and the men marched off the field into captivity. Captain Henry Harvey Alban, Co. F, 21st O.V.I. Captain Alban along with the rest went through a series of Confederate prison camps before arriving at Columbia, South Carolina in October 1864. Determined to make an escape, he watched for his chance and one night made his leap for freedom, successfully eluding the local camp guard and setting out along the railroad to head for the mountains of eastern Tennessee and
Read more

Knapsack Compression: Wilbur Hinman recalls the first step of becoming a veteran

Image
L ooking back on his experiences during the war, Captain Wilbur Hinman of the 65 th Ohio (perhaps best known as the author of Si Klegg and His Pard ) recalled that the first road along which his regiment marched was strewn “with debris. A pair of six-mule wagonloads might have been gathered of notions that had been flung aside by a thousand suffering “tenderfeet.” “The average young patriot started for the war with a wheelbarrow load of clothing, a bed quilt or two, books, photograph albums, toilet articles, and gimcracks of every sort,” he wrote. “Neither he nor the good homefolks had the slightest conception of the capacity of a knapsack, nor did they for a moment imagine that before the close of his first day upon the road every pound he carried would seem a hundred.” To the true mark of a veteran soldier was one who “learned to dispense with every unnecessary ounce of weight, and just in the ratio that he did this he increased his efficiency as a soldier. It was of the highest
Read more

Federal Arms in the Chickamauga Campaign

Image
T he ordnance returns of the Army of the Cumberland at the end of September 1863 show the results of a transformational year in weaponry. Since taking command of the army at the end of October 1862, General William S. Rosecrans had repeatedly pestered the War Department to supply his regiments with better firearms both to improve the command’s efficiency as well as expand its striking power. The results speak for themselves: for the infantrymen at the end of September 1863, 90% of them now carried Class I long arms (36,058 out of 39,959), 8.3% carried Class II arms, and a mere 1.5% carried Class III weapons. Most of the foreign-made weapons (except Enfields) were gone, and by and large the army had settled on a single common .58 caliber ammunition, although a few .54 caliber and .69 caliber weapons remained within the ranks. The English-made Enfield rifle musket was by far the most common arm, carried by 56% of the men while the second-most common arm was the .58 caliber M1861 Spring
Read more