A Buckeye Remembers The "Fuss" on the Raymond Road

     The Army of the Tennessee was in the second week of Grant's campaign to take Vicksburg; it was late Tuesday morning May 12, 1863 and the soldiers of John Logan's First Division of McPherson's 17th Army Corps were exhausted after having marched for three miles in line of battle through the dense, tangled undergrowth of the Mississippi countryside. The men of the 20th Ohio were resting in the shade of the trees along Fourteenmile Creek "grumbling, chaffing, munching hard tack, or making fires to boil coffee in their tin cups" when two cannon shells ripped through the dense foliage, followed by a rising crescendo of noise echoing from the trees as a long line of Butternut-clad Confederates yelled and charged. A withering volley dropped two dozen men before the regiment even got into line; they had been caught unprepared by not having their skirmish line out front, and now they were in for it.

    As the two lines closed, First Lieutenant Henry O. Dwight from Co. G of the 20th Ohio recalled an extraordinary sight. "One officer, not more than 30 feet from where I stood quietly loaded up an old meerschaum [pipe] and lit a match. His pistol was hanging from his wrist. When he got his pipe a-going, he got hold of his pistol and went on popping away at us as leisurely as if he had been shooting rats. Why that fellow didn't get shot I don't know. The fact is when you start to draw a bead on any chap in such a fight, you have to make up your mind mighty quick whom you'll shoot. There are so many on the other side that look that look as if they were just getting a bead on you that it takes a lot of nerve to stick to the one that you first wanted to attend to. You generally feel like trying to kind of distribute your bullets so as to take in all who ought to be hit. So a good many get off who are near enough to be knocked over the first time," Dwight wrote in 1886.

    Lieutenant Dwight's article describing the Battle of Raymond, Mississippi was published in the November 21, 1886 issue of the New York Daily Tribune. 

 

First Lieutenant Henry O. Dwight, Co. G, 20th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Born in 1843 to missionary parents then serving in Constantinople, Turkey, Dwight was attending Ohio Wesleyan in Delaware, Ohio when he joined the 20th Ohio in September 1861. The young officer developed quite an artistic talent and captured much of his wartime experience through his drawings although he also wielded a sharp pen. After the war, he returned to Turkey, working as a minister and missionary until 1901.
(Ohio History Connection)

If you want to find fault with anyone for getting up such a fuss on the Raymond Road on that day I may as well tell you at the outset that the Rebs began it. All that we wanted was to be let alone. We had crossed the Mississippi with the rest of General Grant's army, had taken a part in the fight at Port Gibson, had chased the enemy over Bayou Pierre toward Grand Gulf, General Grant riding ahead of everybody sometimes, so anxious was he to come up to the columns that were running away from us. We had reached the Big Black River at Hankinson's Ferry and had sat there for several days looking at the Rebels on the other side of the river, taking an occasional pot shot at them when they came too near the bank and getting waked up in the morning occasionally by their shells coming into our camp. We had stayed at Hankinson's until we were tired of it and the Rebs got tired of us, thinking we were going to try to cross. For that matter we thought so too, for all the skiffs in the country were got together and roads were cut to the water at various places.

 

At last one day we received orders to pack up and march off into the country, leaving the Rebels to watch our old camp for us. We took the Raymond Road, and by looking at the map we all saw that if we kept on long enough we should come out on the railroad between Vicksburg and Jackson, and have the first pick of old Pemberton's supply trains as they came in on the railroad. This march took us away from the Rebels and we were not sorry for that. There was nothing about us that looked like wanting a muss. All we wanted was to go peaceably along the road until we reached the railroad, and then they might do as they liked about it. The weather was splendid, the roads were in fine condition and there was plenty to eat in the country. It is true that we were more conscientious about taking what we wanted then than we were after we had made the march to the sea.

        The next morning, May 12, we went on our way, feeling peaceable to all the world, as I said. Logan's division had the advance and our regiment, the 20th Ohio, led the division, leaving camp about daybreak. In a few minutes we passed the house where we had bought the honey! The old woman was there leaning on the fence smoking her cob pipe and watching the troops go by. When she saw me she said, "Ye'll be back this way before long. They're waiting for you 'uns up yonder." This raised a laugh in the column, for we had seen no Rebs for several days and we knew very well that Pemberton was keeping them all on the other side of the Big Black against when we got ready to try a crossing. The road lay through the woods and fields passing few houses, and what few there were seemed to be as still as a farmhouse in haying time. Sometimes we saw a few little Negros who stood grinning at the men or if the music happened to be playing, they danced to the sound of the fife, for all the world as if they could not help it if they tried. Sometimes an old Negro woman would appear, bowing and smirking and then when the first embarrassment had worn off, she would say, "Lord a masay! Be there any more men where you 'uns come from? Peers to me I saw nebber saw so many men since I've been born!" At this time one would be sure to give the regular answer in such cases made and provided…… "Yes, aunty, we come from the place where they make men."

 

After a while, we were marching quietly along, we heard two gentle pops, which we were able to recognize as gunfire far on in front. "Heh, somebody is shooting squirrels," said one of the boys. 'Pop, pop, pop" came three more shots in quick succession but a little nearer. "The squirrels are shooting back," growled a burly Irishman, "and sure its meself that don't approve of that kind of squirrel shooting - not a bit of it." Cavalry was in front of us to scout the road for the infantry columns, and it was none of our business if they chose to shoot away their ammunition. But after we had been out two hours or so, while we were halted to take breath a bit, a cavalryman came in from the front and handed a message to General John Logan. The General then mounted his horse and rode on out of sight. When we moved on, we soon caught up with him standing by the side of the road and he gave some sort of an order to General Dennis, who was temporarily in command of the brigade. What all the mysterious business of General Logan's was, we could not imagine, but since instantly our regiment was halted and the Colonel ordered it to deploy as skirmishers were on both sides of the road.

 

Of course, we felt solemn when we were ordered to deploy, for it suggested a disagreeable meaning to the shots we had heard. The road lay through the very thickest kind of woods, and you couldn't see a rod so that it took something like a half hour to get the boys all strung out in their places, ready to go on. The line was like three-quarters of a mile long, and you couldn't see more than three men at a time in any part of it. It was enough to make a person swear when the bugles sounded forward and that huge line had to try to keep some sort of an alignment. The trees and underbrush were covered with thorny vines that trailed in tangled chains from branch to branch. Great moss grown trunks of fallen trees had to be climbed over; old stumps, burned out by the fires of ancient hunters, left deep pit falls that a fellow couldn't leap and that had to be circumnavigated, even if the act did bring three or four men into Indian file when they ought to have been scattered out like so many ants. After passing such an obstacle it was always some minutes before the line could find itself again. Sometimes, it could not find itself and a halt had to be sounded when a hundred men or so would be found to have parted from the rest, like an uncoupled freight train, and to be busily scouring the country behind us. Then there would be a great expense of time, breath and strong language. In trying to get the ends of the broken line together.

 

By the time we had two hours of this kind of work, our solemn feelings, felt on taking the formation that implied nearness of an enemy, had all given place to wrath toward the cavalry scouts who had given such reports as to lead us into this sort of work. If they had really seen any Johnnies, to send our immense line of skirmishers into the woods after them was like turning a town meeting into a raspberry patch to catch a chipmunk. Certain it is that we never saw hide nor hair of a Reb all that morning. At last General Logan saw that the main column could not march unless our long skirmish line could be got of its way and he ordered the skirmishers to be brought in. Two companies were then deployed as skirmishers next to the road and the rest of the regiment was made to march in line of battle behind them, ready to support them if need be. We all knew perfectly well that it was only a scare for we had all sifted the country for Rebels as one might sift the dirt for diamonds. However, we could do nothing but grumble, as we pushed on through that terrible undergrowth, until after noon. By that time we were thoroughly tired out. At last we came to a little clearing of ten or fifteen acres in the woods and for the first time caught sight of our own formation. The cavalry scouts were halted at the further side of the clearing in the shade of the trees and our own skirmishers were halted about on a line with them, fanning themselves in the shade. A staff officer was waiting for us as we came out of the woods with the order to halt in the clearing and to rest for lunch. General Logan was over in the road near the cavalry, dismounted and getting ready for lunch too, first sending he cavalry off on a by road to the left.

 

Map depicting the Battle of Raymond, Mississippi which was fought on May 12, 1863. The 20th Ohio held firm to their position along Fourteenmile Creek until reinforcements bolstered their right flank and helped carry the field. Grant's army was soon on the road to Jackson, Mississippi, the second Confederate state capital to fall to the Union during the war. (Battleofraymond.org)

It was evident that the scare about Rebels, whatever it was, was over, and that we were to march like white men from this on. But we were halted in the open field, in the full blare of the sun. As we stacked arms, Johnnie Stephenson said, "Boys I wish I was in my father's barn." "Why?" asked somebody who wanted the facts in every case. "What would you do then?" He replied, "I'd mightily soon get into the house." This echoed the feelings of the regiment as we baked in that Southern sun. But the General took pity on our condition, and he ordered the skirmish line to be moved forward, a few paces, and up to the edge of the woods where there was a little brook in the shade of the trees. There we stacked arms in luxury and filed our canteens at the brook or poured the cool water over our heated faces. 

As we lay on the ground at the brook [Fourteenmile Creek], taking our ease, soldier fashion, the boys were grumbling, chaffing, munching hard tack, or making fires to boil coffee in their tin cups. The other regiments of the brigade came up, an Indiana regiment going into line along the edge of the woods on our right with the 78th Ohio taking the place on our left, with the 68th nearby. DeGolyer's battery of artillery, which always marched with us, stopped in the Utica road near the skirmish line, and two of the guns were pointed down the road, in case any inquisitive chap should be coming from the other direction to see what we were about. Some of our boys sauntered off toward the road to try and find out what the cavalry had seen to put us to all the trouble of marching in line three mortal hours. The whole country was still with the stillness which you only see at nooning after a hard day’s work in the fields. The grass where we lay was sweet with clover, and a few wild flowers showed their heads here and there. In the woods not very far away a mockingbird was singing. Near where I was an old dead tree had fallen over on to the big arms of one of the neighbors and on one of its decaying branches a real squirrel popped up its head, looking down at us along the brownish streak that marked his usual highway to the ground.

 

"Bang cr-r-r-r-r-r-a-n-g! Bang Cr-r-r-r-r-ang!" came two shells from the peaceable country in front bursting over the heads of the groups in the road. There was a running to and fro and almost immediately. DeGolyer replied with his two guns in this sudden challenge of the enemy whose existence we had just been disputing. We all jumped, of course, every man feeling as he hadn't felt since the last time he was caught stealing apples. But we hadn't time to more than turn our heads when from out of the quiet woods on the other side of the brook, there came a great yell, of thousands of voices, followed by a crashing roar of musketry as one doesn't very often hear unless he has been prepared for it. "Attention, battalion, take arms, forward march," shouted Colonel Manning Force and we all blessed him for knowing exactly what to do, and for doing it. The boys seized their guns - some were barefoot, for they were washing their feet in the brook; some had the coffee in their hands which the scare had made them clutch from the fire, and some 20 or 30 were dead or wounded from that first volley. But, quick as thought all who could stand took their guns and had plunged through the woods. On the other side, not 50 yards distance, the enemy was crashing through the underbrush in a magnificent line determined to carry all before them.

 

Colonel Manning Force, 20th OVI

Two brigades of Texas troops had been watching our movements all the morning and when we stopped for our nooning, their pickets were not a hundred yards from our skirmish line. The moving of our main line to the edge of the woods without sending skirmishers on in front had given them their chance for a surprise. Three regiments had come quickly to the thicket in front of me, got all ready, and made their rush with seven or eight other regiments backing them up. On our side our own brigade happened to be in line but was not expecting any such unprovoked assault. What cavalry we had had been sent off to the left to take a look at things toward the Big Black where, after all, the chief danger seemed to be. DeGolyer's battery was watering its horses so near to the skirmish line that if the infantry was driven back an inch, it would be captured by the swarming Rebels long before help could be got from our other brigades, for the other two brigades of our division were scattered along the road, just where they happened to be when they received the order to half for lunch.

 

At the first rush the Rebel line far outflanked the Indiana regiment on our right and the whole regiment broke into inch bits, the boys making good time to the rear. This left the Johnnies, a clear road to pass our flank, and they made good use of their chance, working well to our rear before long and putting bullets into the reverse of our line the best they knew how. At this moment, the fate of the brigade, and certainly of our battery down there in the road, depended on the possibility of our holding these fellows at bay until the other brigades could be brought up.

 

When we rushed through the brook we found the enemy upon us but we found also that the bank of the brook sloped off a bit, with a kind of beach at its further edge which made a first rate shelter. So we dropped on the ground right there and gave those Texans all the bullets we could cram into our Enfields until our guns were hot enough to sizzle. The gray line paused, staggering back like a ship in collision which trembles in every timber from the shock. Then they too gave us volley after volley, always working up toward us breathing our fire until they had come within 20 or even 15 paces. In one part of the line some of them came nearer than that and had to be poked back with the bayonets.

        It was the 7^th Texas which had struck us, a regiment which had never been beaten in any fight. We soon found that they didn't scare worth a cent. They kept trying to pass through our fire, jumping up, pushing forward a step, and then falling back into the same place, just as you may see a lot of dead leaves in a gale of wind, eddying to and fro under a bank, often rising up as if to fly away, but never able to advance a peg. It was a question of life or death with us to hold them, for we knew very well that we would go to Libby, those that were left of us -if we could not stand against the scorching fire which beat into our faces in that first hour.

 

Meanwhile, the Johnnies sent in another regiment on our left to pick up Degolyer's battery, as a kind of a past time like. But the battery had given back a little for the sake of a better ground and when the Johnnies tried to go there they got the fire of the 78th and 68th besides as much canister as they could digest for one while. So, they concluded that they would not take DeGolyer just then. General Logan sent all his aides on a run down the road for the other brigades of the division, while he made a rush for the Indiana regiment which was falling back from our right, and got the boys to face about and take position where they could pepper the Rebs who were firing into our flank and rear. General Logan knew that he had the whole corps behind him and General McPherson was already on hand -sending back to Crocker to hurry up his division -but he knew that this sort of thing [the pulling of Rebel regiments on to three or four of his regiments] could not go on very long. So the other brigades seem to him a terribly long time in getting up.

 

In the midst of all the anxiety one of the staff came up to General Logan from one of the wished for brigades and said, "General ______ will be here before very long. He says that he will start as soon as his men have finished their coffee." Even in the hurry of the rough time, this answer made General Logan stop and stare. His feelings were too deep for proper utterance. He only said, "Go tell General _____that he isn't worth h----room," and rode off to place the regiment of the First Brigade, which now began to come up. The staff officer mounted his horse and galloped down the road. He is said to have given General Logan's message word for word. I am sorry to say that I have not the papers to prove this statement, but it was believed by all the boys at the time, and if it was not true it ought to be.

 

Henry O. Dwight's pencil rendering of the Battle of Raymond, Mississippi he entitled "A Question of Right of Way-20th Ohio vs. 7th Texas." His regiment's men lay in the foreground shrouded in smoke while the 7th Texas lies to the upper left. The figure at center, an Ohio officer calmly smoking his meerschaum pipe, was actually something Dwight witnessed occurring in the Confederate lines that afternoon. (Ohio History Connection)

All this time we were hanging on to the bank of the brook with those fellows pouring gun smoke in our faces and we answering back so fast that the worst game of football is nothing to the fatigue of it. As for the noise of that discussion between the 20th Ohio and the 7th Texas, a clap of thunder is nowhere. It was more like a sheet of thunder, a wicked roar with no separation between the bolts, and all the time the Johnnies made it hot for us in flank and rear as well as in front. The Johnnies seemed rather to like it. We could see them tumble over pretty often, but those who were left didn't mid it. One officer, not more than 30 feet from where I stood quietly loaded up an old meerschaum [pipe] and lit a match. His pistol was hanging from his wrist. When he got his pipe a-going, he got hold of his pistol and went on popping away at us as leisurely as if he had been shooting rats. Why that fellow didn't get shot I don't know. The fact is when you start to draw a bead on any chap in such a fight, you have to make up your mind mighty quick whom you'll shoot. There are so many on the other side that look that look as if they were just getting a bead on you that it takes a lot of nerve to stick to the one that you first wanted to attend to. You generally feel like trying to kind of distribute your bullets so as to take in all who ought to be hit. So a good many get off who are near enough to be knocked over the first time.

 

We could not understand why somebody wasn't sent out to cover our flank in place of the Indiana fellows. It seemed as if we were forgotten. So when they sent us some ammunition it was like a gift from distant friends and did us good like a reinforcement. It was quite as well that we did not know that the first of our two rear brigades had come up and had deployed on the right of the rallied Indianians, but even then Logan found himself outnumbered two to one. The fellows on the right kept the Rebs from scooping us up; but could not get forward enough to cover our flank and had to fight like everything to hold their own. So we were left sticking out like a sore finger for the best part of another hour. There were only nine companies of us and out of those about the number of one company had been killed or wounded. Two companies, A and I were out on the skirmish line when those chaps rose up and charged. Hao Wilson of Company I managed to assemble his men from between the two lines of fire and brought them in. Birt Weathersby of Company A was not so fortunate. The length of the line of skirmishers had taken him well to the right so that when the affair commenced he was cut off from us by the Rebs who got on our flank. He and his men were left in the air like Noah's dove, without rest for the soles of their feet until they managed to join the 81st Illinois in the brigade that went in on that flank and fought as a part of that brigade for the rest of the battle. But their fighting there did not alter the fact of there being but nine companies of us in that thicket, exchanging our hot lead for Texas hot lead as fast as either side could put it in; and becoming fewer and fewer all the time as the numbers lying in the pool of blood became more and more.

 

The brook bank protected us some. The leaves and twigs moved away from the bushes by the Texan bullets fell softly along us; but those fellows shot to hit and not to cut twigs about or ears. Captain Kega got his collar bone and shoulder blade splintered and badly mixed. Johnny Stevenson wanted to be in his father's barn more than ever when a half inch of lead had ploughed a hole through his neck. One of the sergeants shouted to me as I stood beside him but I could not hear. He was loading his gun and he roared again in my ear, "They've got me this time, I'm sure going to have one more pop at them." He took careful aim and fired, and fell backward into the brook, with a bright red hole in his shoulder. Then, I understood what he meant. Company C kept losing its officers and was commanded at last by a high private named Canavan who managed things like a West Pointer. Most of the men killed were shot through the head and never knew what hurt them. Well, the short of it is that it was a pretty tough time that we had of it, lying there by the brook and digging our toes into the ground for fear that the mass of men in front would push us back over the bank after all. But every man held to his place, for everyone felt as if there was a precipice behind and he would go down a thousand feet if he let go his hold on that bank.

 

At last the rear brigade of our division got up and Logan sent them in on the right where the Johnnies were again ready to make a flanking rush. Our fresh brigade went in with will and effects. They didn't wait for much ceremony but just felt their front with a few short volleys to kind of get the temper of the chaps, and then they charged like men who had their coffee. We heard their cheer but we didn't hear the angry burst of musketry with which the Rebs replied to it, not the noises made by our other brigade as it came up on to the line with us.

        Pretty soon we found the Rebs in front of us were edging off a bit. Somehow we were not pressed so hard. The firing kept up, but the smoke did not puff into our mouths so much. More twigs and leaves were hit and fewer men. Then, we began to hear the bullets for the first time. The Johnnies were farther away. Then there was nobody left to shoot and our own fire stopped. Now, we could stand up and stretch our legs and rinse the charcoal and saltpeter out of our mouths in the muddy brook. I looked at my watch. We had been at work on those Texans near two hours and a half although I must say that after it was over it did not seem more than an hour. We were a hard looking lot. The smoke had blackened our faces, our lips and our throats so far down that it took a week to get the last of it out. The most dandified officer in the regiment looked like a coal heaver.

 

"The first thing I saw on the ground was the meerschaum which the Rebel officer had smoked during the fight. It was still warm as it lay where it had dropped from his mouth when he ran, so I picked it up and took my turn at smoking it," Dwight wrote.

But there was no time to be thinking about looks. "Attention, battalion, forward march," came the order of Colonel Force again and away we went with a shout over the ghastly pile of Texans who had been laid along their line beyond the woods and the first thing I saw on the ground was the meerschaum which the Rebel officer had smoked during the fight. It was still warm as it lay where it had dropped from his mouth when he ran, so I picked it up and took my turn at smoking it. In front of us was a bare ridge, and over this the Rebels were retiring in a bulging and shaky line; pelted by DeGolyer's best shrapnel and pelted by the rifle fire of our Third Brigade boys. The affair on the Raymond Road was over. There was a dinner in the town hall at Raymond which the ladies of the town had got ready to refresh the Johnnies on their return from the fight. But the Johnnies hadn't time to indulge at the time of their return. In fact, they had gone a good distance beyond the town without stopping before the good people of Raymond understood the strategic move which was in progress. The dinner was quite as useful to the Yankees who had time to eat it as it would have been to the Rebs.

 

The next day, we had the railroad which supplied Vicksburg and the day after, the 14th, met our Texas friends again when we went to back up Crocker's division in the grand rush which sent them and the rest of Joe Johnson's army flying through Jackson. Then, we turned toward Vicksburg and on the 16th, beat poor old Pemberton at Champion's Hills, coming in on the right of Hovey, who had the heaviest part of that fight. But, it was a long time before we got into a place so hot as the thicket in front of Raymond where we fought for the bank of the brook.

Source:

Article by First Lieutenant Henry O. Dwight, Co. G, 20th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, New York Daily Tribune, November 21, 1886