With the 37th Mississippi at Peach Tree Creek

    Long after the Civil War, Reverend Washington “Wash” Bryan Crumpton wrote a memoir entitled A Book of Memories of his wartime experiences while serving as a sergeant in the ranks of Co. H (the Jasper Rifles) of the 37^th Mississippi Infantry. The following account of the Battle of Peach Tree Creek, excerpted from Crumpton’s book, was published in the October 1921 edition of Confederate Veteran. The 37^th Mississippi was assigned to Cantey’s Brigade was led at this time by Colonel Edward A. O’Neal, and was part of General Edward C. Walthall’s division of A.P. Stewart’s corps.

Washington B. Crumpton at left in a pre-war image taken with his brother H.J. After the war, Wash became a minister and noted author. 

    Wash's account captures the confusion endemic in war, and he opines that the real reason why the Confederate attack failed at Peach Tree Creek was the fact that his comrades were a little too eager to escort Yankee prisoners to the rear, and by so doing, left the front line with inadequate numbers to exploit their initial successes. 

          

The 37th Mississippi fought at Peach Tree Creek as part of Colonel Edward O'Neal's brigade of General Walthall's division; its brigade mates included the 17th, 26th, and 29th Alabama regiments, all veterans of the Vicksburg campaign.

    As we crossed the Chattahoochee River, the boys said, as they had said many times before, “Old Joe is going to cross this river and make his stand.” But on we went until we were in the suburbs of Atlanta. Then rumors began to reach us that Johnston had informed the war Department that Atlanta could not be defended and after a little, if the army must be saved, it must be evacuated. However, plans had been made to attack the enemy but before the fighting Johnston was relieved.

          On the 20^th of July, the battle of Peach Tree Creek. I have forgotten the military terms, but the plan of attack was for our regiment to halfway overlap the one in front. We took the Yanks in our front seemingly by surprise. They were mostly foreigners who couldn’t speak English. They threw down their guns and surrendered in droves and that was our undoing. Too many of our fellows were willing to carry prisoners to the rear, so there was no reserve to carry on the victory.

          Stone’s Brigade on our right had come up through an old field facing a battery and had been unsuccessful. Lieutenant Pierce English, gun in hand, and three of us found ourselves on a hill rather behind the battery on our right. We had used up all of our ammunition. So, we picked up Yankee cartridge boxes which strewed the ground. Their guns carried a ball about two calibers smaller than ours, so we abandoned the slow method of drawing the rammer to load. We tore the cartridge, placed it in the muzzle, and stamped the breech on the ground; the weight of the bullet carried the cartridge home, so we had to only cap and fire. It was almost like a repeating rifle.

          There seemed to be no danger in our front as the Yanks had continued their flight, we thought, all the way to the Chattahoochee. We fired on that enemy battery so fast that it almost ceased firing. They turned a gun on us but only fired once. Probably they were short of ammunition; for the caissons were being rushed forward as fast as the horses could drag them, but we had shot them down. We saw far in the distance a group of horsemen which we took for a general and his staff. We all loaded, elevated our sights, dropped behind a log, and took deliberate aim. In a moment, we saw them scampering away.

This 12-star battle flag was issued to the 37th Mississippi in late 1863 and carried through the Atlanta campaign in 1864 when the regiment was assigned to the Army of Tennessee under Joe Johnston. The 37th Mississippi fought during the Vicksburg campaign and numbered among the Vicksburg garrison which surrendered on July 4, 1863. 

          We soon saw that the Yankees were returning and decided we better get out. What had become of the balance of our forces we never did know. We supposed many had gone to the rear with the prisoners and had forgotten to return. With our guns all loaded, we started out the way we came in. On rising a very steep hill in the woods, we saw 50 yards away that the woods were black with Yankees. They had dropped in behind us, but with no idea that there was danger from that direction as they were looking to their front. We all fired into the thickest of them and fairly rolled down the steep hillside. Three of us rushed down a ravine and after passing a spur went up another ravine.

          Approaching a road down which General Walthall, our division commander, and his staff were riding leisurely, I shouted to him, telling him of the danger. One of his party came galloping saying “Go back to the front, you stragglers!” With that, our lieutenant walked away demanding that we should go back. I remarked that I’d speak to the General. In a few words I told him that Stone’s Brigade hadn’t come up, that the Yanks were only a little way down the road. On his expressing great doubt, saying “we have certainly carried everything,” his smart Alec of an aide shouted off as he galloped off, “I’ll see.” A short distance away he wheeled his horse and a hundred bullets flew through the woods in his direction.

General Edward C. Walthall

          In the middle of the road there was a brass cannon left by someone. The General said, “You two men remain right here by this gun and when I send you a force, pilot them to that hill you were on.” My companion was Chunky Thompson, called that because he was not chunky; he was as slim as a match and probably six feet and eight inches in height. We looked at the gun and found it loaded but did not know how to shoot it. Finally, we thought we knew and were determined that we’d fire it if the Yanks came. After a while the 25^th Arkansas came with a very small number of men. Later another bunch of probably 500 men had gathered. Then came a senior colonel as drunk as could be. I’ll not mention his name because of subsequent history. He called for the men General Walthall had left and wanted to know where the hill was. I pointed the direction and suggested modestly that my companion and I with a few others should act as skirmishers as there was no telling what changes had occurred. He cursed me and said he was capable of running that business.

          After a time of the wildest confusion, we were at the bottom of the hill and I said, “There’s the hill, Colonel. I can’t tell you what’s up top.” He ordered the charge. When within 20 or 30 steps of the top, a solid blue line of Yankees rose up and I am sure half our men fell at the first fire. I fired my gun and attempted to load it while lying down. It had been fired so much that it had become clogged and the bullet hung halfway down the barrel. Standing half bent, trying to ram the bullet home, the gun was shot out of my hand, the stock literally torn to splinters. Fortunately, some of us escaped because the Yanks, firing down the hill, overshot us. As I started down the hill, I picked up a Yankee gun. Just then the colonel rode by capless as fast as his horse could carry him. His drunkenness and foolhardiness had lost the day and fully half his men. Getting back to our camp, the lieutenant said, “Wash, General Walthall ought to promote you. But for you he would have been killed or captured today.”

          Of course, the common soldier didn’t hear much except by the grapevine and that was never trustworthy, but it was talked that the Peach Tree battle had been planned by Joe Johnston. The attack was to be made in double column, but the plan was changed, hence the disaster. Certain we were that with a fresh column to have followed up the drive, the results would have been a complete victory, for there was little fight in the enemy. I am sure many of them did not stop until the Chattahoochee was reached. Our men were cast down because of the removal of Joe Johnston, their beloved commander.

Source:

“In the Atlanta Campaign” by Sergeant Washington Bryan Crumpton, Co. H, 37^th Mississippi Infantry, Confederate Veteran, October 1921, pgs. 381-382