Battle of Chickamauga Page

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Welcome to the Battle of Chickamauga page!

The posts are organized below within the order of battle for both armies.

General Overview and Accounts:

Crossing the Tennessee: The Army of the Cumberland Invades Georgia

Chickamauga Vignettes

The Chances of War: Captured Federal Surgeons After Chickamauga

Little Dreamed Horrors of War: A Civilian's View of Chickamauga

Federal Arms in the Chickamauga Campaign

Barbecued Ribs and the Pipe of Peace: The 1889 Blue-Gray Reunion at Chickamauga

Rosecrans Headquarters marker at Chickamauga

ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND

Headquarters, 14^th Army Corps

Escorting the Rock of Chickamauga

General Absalom Baird

First Division (Baird), 14^th Army Corps

Like a Reed Before a Whirlwind: With Baird's Division at Chickamauga

First Brigade (Scribner), First Division (Baird), 14^thArmy Corps

Frank Scribner at Chickamauga (38th Indiana)

Prelude to an Awful Finale: A Buckeye Sergeant at Chickamauga (2nd Ohio Infantry)

Severest Ordeal of My Life: A Buckeye Colonel Remembers Chickamauga (33rd Ohio)

Riding with Scribner: An Orderly's View of Chickamauga (10th Wisconsin)

Second Brigade (Starkweather), First Division (Baird), 14^th Army Corps

Perryville All Knocked in the Shade: At Chickamauga with the 1st Wisconsin

Divisional Artillery, First Division (Baird), 14^th Army Corps

The Bugler Checked the Rout: William J. Carson at Chickamauga

Overrun at Chickamauga: "Pork & Beans" of the Regular Artillery (Battery H, 5th U.S.)

General James S. Negley

Third Brigade (Sirwell), Second Division (Negley), 14^th Army Corps

Captured at Chickamauga with the 21st Ohio Infantry

The Final Minutes on Horseshoe Ridge (21st Ohio)

Buckeye Rapid-Fire: The 21st Ohio and the Colt's Revolving Rifles

Revisiting Snodgrass Hill: Memories of a 21st Ohio Officer

Where Wounds and Death Held High Carnival: The 37th Indiana and Chickamauga

We Wish to Settle This by Fighting: On the Road to Chickamauga with Battery G

General John M. Brannan

First Brigade (Connell), Third Division (Brannan), 14^th Army Corps

Jim Stinchcomb in the Business at Chickamauga (17th OVI)

Our Gallant Boys Bleaching in the Sun: A Buckeye Returns to Chickamauga (17th OVI)

Into the Wilderness of Pines: Opening Day on the Left at Chickamauga (31st Ohio)

Second Brigade (Croxton), Third Division (Brannan), 14^th Army Corps

All for our dear country: The 74th Indiana and Chickamauga

Defending the 14th Ohio Flag at Chickamauga

Stout Enough Hearts for the Fray: A Buckeye Describes Chickamauga (14th Ohio)

Third Brigade (Van Derveer), Third Division (Brannan), 14^th Army Corps

Under Most Trying Circumstances: With the 35th Ohio at Chickamauga

How Kenesaw Mountain Landis Got His Unusual Name (35th Ohio)

General Joseph J. Reynolds

First Brigade (Wilder), Fourth Division (Reynolds), 14^thArmy Corps

Colonel Wilder Discusses Chickamauga

Waxing Poetic About Chickamauga: Lines from the Lightning Brigade

Second Brigade (King), Fourth Division (Reynolds), 14th Army Corps

The River of Death with the 75th Indiana

Third Brigade (Turchin), Fourth Division (Reynolds), 14^thArmy Corps

Fight for God and Humanity: Chaplain Lyle Sends the 11th Ohio into battle at Chickamauga

Arresting a Panic at Chickamauga: A Voice from the 36th Ohio

"If Anybody's Boys Go Out, Mine Go." Turchin's Escape at Chickamauga (92nd Ohio)

General Jefferson C. Davis

Second Brigade (Carlin), First Division (Davis), 20^thArmy Corps

The Desperate Day Before Us: the 21st Illinois at Chickamauga

From Chickamauga to Libby: The Journal of Major Bedan B. McDonald, 101st Ohio Volunteer Infantry

Third Brigade (Heg), First Division (Davis), 20^th Army Corps

Our Hearts are Filled with Sorrow: The Death of Colonel Hans C. Heg

General Richard W. Johnson

First Brigade (Willich), Second Division (Johnson), 20^thArmy Corps

Twilight was Lurid with the Fire of Battle: Sergeant Richey Captures a Confederate Major (15th OVI)

Compelled to Submit with what Grace We Could: an Ohio artilleryman captured at Chickamauga (Battery A, 1st OVLA)

Second Brigade (Dodge), Second Division (Johnson), 20^th Army Corps

Fearfully Grand: The 29th Indiana Survives Chickamauga

General Phil Sheridan

First Brigade (Lytle), Third Division (Sheridan), 20^th Army Corps

A Most Terrific Roar: With the 88th Illinois at Chickamauga

Everything was Confusion: With the 24th Wisconsin at Chickamauga

Second Brigade (Laiboldt), Third Division (Sheridan), 20^th Army Corps

A Battlefield Promise Kept: A Mississippian Returns the Battle Flag of the 2nd Missouri

General Thomas J. Wood

First Brigade (Buell), First Division (Wood), 21^stArmy Corps

It is the Fate of War: The 26th Ohio at Chickamauga

In the Center at Chickamauga (58th Indiana)

Third Brigade (Harker), First Division (Wood), 21^st Army Corps

The Fatal Gap: A View from Wood's Division at Chickamauga (64th Ohio)

Winged at the Outset: Wilbur Hinman's Experiences at Chickamauga (65th Ohio)

Becoming Tigers: The 125th Ohio and the Struggle of Horseshoe Ridge

General John M. Palmer

Second Brigade (Hazen), Second Division (Palmer), 21^st Army Corps

Until Victory is Ours: The Bullet Magnet of the 41st Ohio Survives Chickamauga

Dispatches from Poe's Tavern: The Army of the Cumberland on the Cusp of the Chickamauga Campaign

Third Brigade (Grose), Second Division (Palmer), 21^stArmy Corps

Mournful Intelligence: A Guthrie Gray Writes After Chickamauga

The Enemy Certainly Used Us Very Hard: The 6th Ohio and Chickamauga

General Horatio P. Van Cleve

I Ought to Have Died: Captain Lu Drury Survives a Ghastly Chest Wound

First Brigade (Beatty), Third Division (Van Cleve), 21^st Army Corps

Harry Townsend's Hat and the Wild Retreat at Chickamauga (9th Kentucky)

Second Brigade (Dick), Third Division (Van Cleve), 21^st Army Corps

Mighty Tempest of War: The First Day of Chickamauga with the 86th Indiana

Third Brigade (Barnes), Third Division (Van Cleve), 21^st Army Corps

Back to Chickamauga with John Purvis of the 51st Ohio Infantry

General James B. Steedman

First Brigade (Whitaker), First Division (Steedman), Reserve Corps

An Ugly Scene at Rossville Before Chickamauga

Saving the Army: The 115th Illinois on Horseshoe Ridge

The Galvanized Yankee of Steubenville, Ohio (40th Ohio)

Atop Snodgrass Hill: The Second Day at Chickamauga with the 89th Ohio

Second Brigade (Mitchell), First Division (Steedman), Reserve Corps

"Wipe Out Perryville!" The 121st Ohio's Redemption at Chickamauga

ARMY OF TENNESSEE

Lieutenant General Leonidas Polk

Headquarters, Polk’s Corps

Not His Fault: Leonidas Polk Explains September 20th

General Benjamin F. Cheatham

Divisional Artillery, Cheatham’s Division, Polk’s Corps

With Cheatham's Division at Chickamauga (Carnes' Battery)

Deas' Brigade, Hindman's Division, Polk’s Corps

A Victory Complete: A Rebel Surgeon at Chickamauga (19th Alabama)

All the Glory of Whipping Rosy (50th Alabama)

Anderson's Brigade, Hindman's Division, Polk’s Corps

A Battlefield Promise Kept: A Mississippian Returns the Battle Flag of the 2nd Missouri (44th Mississippi)

General Patrick R. Cleburne

Deshler’s Brigade, Cleburne’s Division, Hill’s Corps

Pouring Peas on a Rawhide: A Texan Remembers Chickamauga (25th Texas Cavalry)

General John C. Breckinridge

Helm’s Brigade, Breckinridge’s Division, Hill’s Corps

With the Orphan Brigade at Chickamauga (4th Kentucky)

Stovall’s Brigade, Breckinridge’s Division, Hill’s Corps

A Rebel View of Chickamauga: Benjamin S. Williams of the 47th Georgia

Bate’s Brigade, Stewart’s Division, Buckner’s Corps

This Dreadful Carnage: A Word from the 58th Alabama

Trigg’s Brigade, Preston’s Division, Buckner’s Corps

The Final Minutes on Horseshoe Ridge (54th Virginia)

Walthall’s Brigade, Liddell’s Division, Reserve Corps

A Mississippian Under "Shot Pouch" Walker at Chickamauga (24th Mississippi)

Post-Battle

Joining Rosecrans' Army: The 11th and 12th Corps Travel West in September 1863

The Crescent on the Move: The 154th New York and Its Introduction to the Western Theater

Right Side Up and Ready for Another Brush: With the 18th Ohio Battery After Chickamauga

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Arming the Buckeyes: Longarms of the Ohio Infantry Regiments

A common question that comes up in conversation about Civil War Buckeye regiments is "What were they armed with?" We are fortunate in that the state of Ohio kept good records of how the regiments were armed when they went into service, this being especially true for those regiments which went into service in 1861 and 1862. The state adjutant general's reports for 1861 and 1862 have been heavily drawn upon to construct this article, as well as consultation with Phil Spaugy who has done extensive research on how Ohio's troops were armed during the war. Buckeyes carried a fairly wide variety of weapons into the field, and the below article breaks this down into weapons of both domestic manufacture and imported arms. The early days of the war found the state of Ohio practically bereft of longarms; as an example, when the 1st and 2nd Ohio Volunteer Militia left the state in late April 1861, they left unarmed, being armed at Lancaster, Pennsylvania on t...

Civil War bullets are perhaps the most common item collected from the era; the two armies expended bullets by the millions during the four years’ conflict and spent or deformed bullets of all shapes and sizes have made fascinating and affordable collectibles since the guns went silent in 1865. I recently acquired a display piece featuring 35 different types of small arms ammunition used during the Civil War, including everything from a small .28 caliber ball up to a .69 caliber three-ring Minie and it triggered some questions: how did the Federal army obtain its small arms ammunition during the war? Where did the lead come from to make the bullets, and where and how was the ammunition manufactured? This post seeks to answer those questions. A typical .58 caliber 3-ring Minie bullet “Whenever the blasts of war blow in the ears of men who trade in the implements of destruction, they are apt to experience more joy than the true ...

In the early days of the Civil War, the Southern states found themselves with an abundance of cotton but a shortage of cloth with which to make army uniforms. The trade in cloth prior to the war had largely been to send raw cotton or wool north to New England (or Great Britain) where it was converted into usable cloth; but now that trade was broken and the Southern states were thrown upon their own resources in their efforts to properly clothe the Confederate army. This collection of Confederate enlisted men's frock coats and shell jackets gives some indication of the variety of shades of butternut worn during the war. All of them are shades of yellow brown, some heavier on the yellow and some heavier on the brown. The blue used around the collar or as rank insignia indicates that the soldier was in the infantry. Surviving Confederate uniforms are considered rather rare and command quite a healthy price in the collecting market. For an in-depth study of h...

T he 1939 film The Wizard of Oz has delighted viewers for 85 years and ranks as a personal favorite, especially during the Halloween season. While watching it with the family the other night, I wondered if there were any connections between the film and the Civil War. Not surprisingly, the answer is yes and those connections touch both the blue and the gray. Interestingly both “witches” in the film not only had Civil War ancestors but had connections with Civil War soldiers from Ohio. Margaret Hamilton, the “Wicked Witch of the West,” was born in Cleveland, Ohio on December 9, 1902, to attorney Walter Jones Hamilton and his wife Mary Jane Adams; Margaret’s grandfather was Judge Edwin Timothy Hamilton. Judge Hamilton had served as a private in Co. D of the 84 th Ohio Infantry during the summer of 1862. The 84 th Ohio, a three months’ regiment, served nearly the whole of its service attached to the Railroad District in western Ma...

The English-made Model 1853 .577 caliber Enfield Rifle Musket was widely regarded as the best infantry arm in the world at the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861. Favorable international press describing its efficiency in the Crimean War and in suppressing the Indian rebellion led to the widespread desire of American infantrymen (both Federal and Confederate) to be armed with these accurate and well-made arms. The lock plate of this well-worn P1853 Enfield rifle musket produced in 1862 shows the typical markings of a British-made weapon that made it through the Federal blockade. ( Army of Tennessee Relics ) Enfield-pattern weapons were imported into the states by the tens and hundreds of thousands during the war years; one estimate stated that the Federal government purchased 500,000 while the Confederates purchased another 400,000. The Confederate government dispatched Captain Caleb Huse to Europe in April 1861 to purchase weapons and Huse focused on se...

The arrow corps badge of the 17th Army Corps was worn by many members of the 68th Ohio in the latter days of the war. Private Edward A. Bigelow of Co. F of the 68th Ohio Volunteer Infantry wrote this brief account of the Battle of Atlanta just two days afterwards to his father back home in Henry County, Ohio. The regiment formed a part of Colonel Robert K. Scott's three regiment all-Ohio brigade consisting of the 20th, 68th, and 78th regiments, being designated the Second Brigade of the Third Division of Frank Blair's 17th Army Corps. Bigelow's letter originally appeared in the Napoleon Press newspaper and was copied in the Toledo Daily Commercial which was providential as no known copies exist today of the wartime Napoleon Press.

W riting 30 years after the Battle of Corinth, James A. McKinstry of the 42 nd Alabama recalled his experiences storming Battery Robinett with Colonel William P. Rogers of the 2 nd Texas and expressed guilt that it was perhaps his action that brought about the colonel’s demise. “On seeing a line of Federals approaching, and before giving the situation a thought, I immediately raised my gun and fired full into the breast of a Federal sergeant, who was in front of the column, and only a short distance from us. 'Twas then that Captain George Foster shouted, "Cease firing, men! cease firing!" and waved his handkerchief, then I realized the true situation. 'Twas too late! That fatal volley had been turned on our little band from the muzzles of 1,500 muskets. I was still standing just as I was when I fired my last shot, and within a few feet of Colonel Rogers, when a Minie ball went crashing through my left hip and turned me half round; another went tearing through my ...

The lockplate of a New Orleans-made Cook & Brother Enfield rifle produced in 1862 shows the fine craftsmanship that became the hallmark of the maker throughout the Civil War. Note the stars and bars flag at left, an emblem used on C&B's production throughout the war and the Cook & Brother, N.O. 1862 markings. Earlier production weapons at New Orleans had the flag located just above the maker's name while later weapons produced in Athens, Georgia would have a modified flag and Athens on the plate followed by the serial number. In the spring of 1861, two English-born businessmen, Ferdinand and Francis Cook of New Orleans, perceived the need for the South to have its own domestic production of firearms and set out to prove "that rifles could made here as well as in Yankee land or in Europe." The brothers elected to produce copies of the British Model 1853 .577 caliber Enfield rifle as this was considered the benchmark longarm...

W riting in his diary, Private Manius Buchanan of the 29 th Indiana recalled the eagerness with which his regiment marched towards Savannah, Tennessee with the sounds of the battle of Shiloh ringing in their ears. “The forced march was kept up until 2 p.m. when we were halted until 4 p.m,” he noted. “The rest was really needed, but the continual question is ‘Why are we stopped here?’ The sound of battle increased in volume and anxiety to be up and doing grows more intense. As I am weak from a late sickness, I am urged to fall to the rear; but no, in common with all, I want to see a battle and fear this will be my only chance.” The regiment would go into action the following afternoon, and of the four neighborhood boys who had enlisted together in Co. B, only Buchanan escaped unscathed. One afternoon's exposure to the horrors of battle was all it took to satisfy this Hoosier's desire to see the elephant. “I wanted to see a battl...

“The noise of battle is the only music that ravishes the senses of Forrest.” I t was May 1864. Back east, the Army of Northern Virginia and the Army of the Potomac were locked in the deadly dance of the Overland Campaign while in Georgia, General William Tecumseh Sherman's army squared off against General Joseph E. Johnston and the Army of the Tennessee in the campaign for Atlanta. Based in relatively quiet northern Mississippi, General Nathan Bedford Forrest bided his time waiting for a Federal advance from Memphis. Earlier in the month, General Samuel Sturgis led a brief campaign into Mississippi but Forrest was sure Sturgis would venture out again. In the meantime, he tried to keep his reorganized command intact despite persistent demands from his superiors that he return the absentees and deserters who inflated his ranks (nearly 1,000 in number) to their original commands. Around this same time, an old acquaintance from Me...

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